（1）一元股權架構

(1) Unitary equity structure

一元股權架構這種是指股權的股權比例、表決權(投票權)、分紅權均一體化。

The unitary equity structure refers to the integration of equity proportion, voting right (voting right) and dividend right.

在這種結構下，所有中小股東的權利都是根據股權比例而決定的。這是簡單的股權結構，需要重 點避免的就是公司僵局的問題！實際中存在幾個表決權“節點”：

Under this structure, the rights of all minority shareholders are determined according to the proportion of equity. This is a simple ownership structure, the key to avoid is the deadlock of the company! In practice, there are several "nodes" of voting rights

1.是一方股東持有出資比例達到百分之三十三點四以上的;

1. The proportion of capital contribution held by one shareholder is more than 33.4%;

2.是只有兩位股東且雙方出資比例分別為百分之五十一和百分之四十九的;

2. There are only two shareholders and the proportion of capital contribution of both parties is 51% and 49% respectively;

3.是一方出資比例超過百分之六十六點七的;

3. The proportion of one party's capital contribution exceeds 66.7%;

4.是有兩股東且各方出資比例均為百分之五十的。

4. There are two shareholders and the proportion of each party's capital contribution is 50%.

在這里，第三種出資比例意味著，公司在任何情形下都不會形成僵局，因為表決權比例已經高達“三分之二”以上，對任何表決事項都可以單方形成有用的公司決議，除非公司章程對股東須“同意”的人數作出 低限制。為糟糕的是第四種股權結構，在兩股東各占百分之五十表決權的機制下，意味著公司作出任何決議均一定由雙方一致同意方可有用。

Here, the third proportion of capital contribution means that the company will not form a deadlock under any circumstances, because the proportion of voting rights has reached more than "two-thirds", and useful corporate resolutions can be formed unilaterally on any voting matters, unless the articles of association impose a low limit on the number of shareholders who must "agree". What's worse is the fourth kind of ownership structure. Under the mechanism of 50% voting rights for each shareholder, it means that any resolution made by the company must be agreed by both parties before it can be useful.

（2）二元股權架構

(2) Dual ownership structure

二元股權架構是指股權在股權比例、表決權、分紅權之間做出不等比例的安排，將股東權利進行分離設計。

Dual equity structure refers to the equity in the equity ratio, voting rights, dividend rights to make unequal proportion between the arrangements, the separation of shareholder rights design.

我國的公司法修訂后規定，章程可以約定同股不同權，當然，在股份公司下，只有不同類別的股東才能這樣設計，同一類股票的權利應該是一致的。這種架構設計，適合那些，需要將分紅權給某些合伙人，但將決策權給創始人的多個聯合創始人的情況。這種股權架構在 國外非常普遍，例如Facebook在IPO時的招股書中,已明確將股權分為A、B股，扎克伯格通過大量持有具有高表決權的B類股來維系對公司的掌控；

After the revision of the company law of our country, it is stipulated that the articles of association can stipulate different rights for the same shares. Of course, in a joint-stock company, only different types of shareholders can design this way, and the rights of the same kind of shares should be the same. This kind of architecture design is suitable for those who need to give dividend rights to some partners, but give decision-making rights to multiple co founders of the founders. This kind of equity structure is very common in foreign countries. For example, in the IPO prospectus of Facebook, the equity has been clearly divided into a and B shares. Zuckerberg maintains control of the company by holding a large number of class B shares with high voting rights;

（3）4×4股權架構

(3) 4 × 4 equity structure

4X4股權架構這就是在二元股權架構的基礎上，將公司的股東分為四個類型，創始人、合伙人、員工、投資人，針對他們的權利進行整體性安排，以實現前面提到的五大目標。

4x4 equity structure on the basis of the dual equity structure, the company's shareholders are divided into four types: founders, partners, employees and investors, and their rights are arranged as a whole to achieve the five goals mentioned above.

4X4股權架構設計的思路主要有三大步驟：

There are three main steps in the design of 4x4 equity structure

一：將公司股權這一大蛋糕首先分出投資人和創始人的份額；

1： First of all, the shares of investors and founders will be separated from the big cake of company equity;

二：考慮將剩余的蛋糕分給合伙人和員工，并且在合伙人和員工這兩部分蛋糕中，再根據個人對公司的貢獻細分每個人應得的股份；

2： Consider dividing the remaining cake to partners and employees, and in the two parts of the cake, divide each person's share according to his contribution to the company;

三：查漏補缺，看按照前兩步分得的股權是否有不合理之處，進行調整。

3： We should make up for the defects by checking whether there is any irrationality in the shares obtained according to the previous two steps and adjust them.