一般而言，股權結構通常有三種，一是一元股權結構；二是二元股權結構；三為4X4股權結構。

Generally speaking, there are three kinds of ownership structure: one is unitary ownership structure; the other is dual ownership structure; the third is 4x4 ownership structure.

1、一元股權架構這種是指股權的股權比例、表決權、分紅權。

1. The unitary ownership structure refers to the equity proportion, voting right and dividend right.

在這種結構下，所有中小股東的權利都是根據股權比例而決定的。這是簡單的股權結構，需要避免的就是公司僵局的問題！

In this structure, the rights of all the minority shareholders are determined according to the proportion of shares. This is a simple ownership structure, what needs to be avoided is the deadlock of the company!

實務中存在幾個表決權“節點”：一是一方股東持有出資比例達到百分之三十三以上的;二是只有兩位股東且雙方出資比例分別為百分之五十一和半分之四十九的;三是一方出資比例超過百分之六十六的;四是有兩股東且各方出資比例均為百分之五十的。在這里，第三種出資比例意味著，公司在任何情形下都不會形成僵局，因為表決權比例已經高達“三分之二”以上，對任何表決事項都可以單方形成公司決議，除非公司章程對股東須“同意”的人數作出限止。糟糕的是第四種股權結構，在兩股東各占百分之五十表決權的機制下，意味著公司作出任何決議均一定由雙方一致同意方可有用。

In practice, there are several "nodes" of voting rights: one is that one shareholder holds more than 33% of the capital contribution; the other is that there are only two shareholders and the contribution ratio of both parties is 51% and half 49%; the third is that one party's contribution ratio is more than 66%; the fourth is that there are two shareholders and each party's contribution ratio is 50%. Here, the third contribution ratio means that the company will not form an impasse under any circumstances, because the proportion of voting rights has reached more than "two thirds". Any voting matter can be unilaterally formed into a company resolution, unless the articles of association limit the number of shareholders who must "agree". What's worse is that the fourth ownership structure, with 50% of the voting rights of the two shareholders, means that any resolution made by the company must be agreed by both parties.

2、 二元股權架構是指股權在股權比例、表決權、分紅權之間做出不等比例的安排，將股東權利進行分離設計。

2. The dual ownership structure refers to the unequal proportion arrangement of equity proportion, voting right and dividend right, which separates the shareholders' rights.

我國的公司法修訂后規定，章程可以約定同股不同權，當然，在股份公司下，只有不同類別的股東才能這樣設計，同一類股票的權利應該是一致的。這種架構設計，適合那些，需要將分紅權給某些合伙人，但將決策權給創始人的多個聯合創始人的情況。

After the amendment of the company law of our country, it is stipulated that the articles of association can stipulate different rights for the same share. Of course, under the joint stock company, only different types of shareholders can design in this way, and the rights of the same class of shares should be consistent. This kind of architecture design is suitable for those who need to give the dividend right to some partners, but give the decision-making power to the founders.

3、4X4股權架構這就是在二元股權架構的基礎上，將公司的股東分為四個類型，創始人、合伙人、員工、投資人，針對他們的權利進行整體性安排，以實現前面提到的五大目標。

3. 4x4 equity structure, which is based on the dual equity structure, divides the company's shareholders into four types: founders, partners, employees and investors, and makes overall arrangements for their rights to achieve the five goals mentioned above.