頂層設計是一個工程學的概念，本義是統籌考慮項目各層次和各要素，追根溯源，統攬全局，在高層次上尋求問題的解決之道，強調的是一項工程的“整體理念”的具體化。就是說要完成一項大工程，就要以理念一致、功能協調、結構統一、資源共享，部件標準化等系統的方法，從全局視角出發，對項目各層次、要素進行統籌考慮。

Top level design is an engineering concept. Its original meaning is to comprehensively consider all levels and elements of the project, trace the source, grasp the overall situation, seek solutions to problems at a high level, and emphasize the concretization of the "overall concept" of a project. In other words, to complete a large project, it is necessary to comprehensively consider all levels and elements of the project from the overall perspective with systematic methods such as consistent concept, functional coordination, unified structure, resource sharing and component standardization.

通常而言，可以通過以下方式實現“小股掌大權”：

Generally speaking, the "small shareholders holding the power" can be realized in the following ways:

1、股份比例和表決權比例分離

1. Separation of share proportion and voting right proportion

   
   

創始人可以要求投資者或者股權激勵對象讓渡其所持股份的全部或者部分表決權，實現表決權和分紅權分離，從而既滿足資本逐利本性，又能夠繼續實現創始人對企業的控制，從而通過較少的股份爭取獲得更大的投票權。

The founder can require investors or equity incentive objects to transfer all or part of the voting rights of their shares to realize the separation of voting rights and dividend rights, so as to not only meet the profit seeking nature of capital, but also continue to realize the founder's control over the enterprise, so as to strive for greater voting rights through fewer shares.

2、通過一致行動人計劃提高創始人的控制能力

2. Improve founder's control through concerted action plan

“一致行動人”即通過協議約定，某些股東就特定事項投票表決采取一致行動。意見不一致時，某些股東跟隨一致行動人投票。比如，創始股東之間、創始股東和投資人可以通過簽署一致行動人協議加大創始股東的投票權權重。

"Person acting in concert" refers to the agreement that some shareholders vote and take concerted action on specific matters. In case of disagreement, some shareholders vote with those acting in concert. For example, among the founding shareholders, the founding shareholders and investors can increase the voting rights of the founding shareholders by signing the agreement of persons acting in concert.

3、有限合伙持股平臺的引入(杠桿持股，以小搏大)

3. Introduction of limited partnership shareholding platform (Leveraged shareholding, small for big)

有限合伙通過讓核心創始人擔任普通合伙人，從而控制整個有限合伙公司，然后通過有限合伙公司控制公司股權。其他股東只能是有限合伙的有限合伙人，不參與有限合伙管理，也就不能通過有限合伙控制公司。

The limited partnership controls the whole limited partnership by making the core founder act as the general partner, and then controls the equity of the company through the limited partnership. Other shareholders can only be limited partners of limited partnership. If they do not participate in the management of limited partnership, they cannot control the company through limited partnership.

4、AB股(?？ㄓ媱?

4. AB shares (bull card plan)

所謂AB股，即將企業股票分為兩種不同類型，創始股東與投資人持有不同類型的股票。比如，我們將創始股東持有的股票稱為“B類股票”，投資人持有的為“A類股票”。

The so-called AB shares, that is, the enterprise shares are divided into two different types, and the founding shareholders and investors hold different types of shares. For example, we call the shares held by founding shareholders "class B shares" and those held by investors "Class A shares".