許多投資者都知道,股權比例是取得公司管理權的主要因素.如果把股權結構設計理解為簡單的股權比例或投資

Many investors know that the equity ratio is the main factor to obtain the management power of the company

比例,下面的探討就沒有實際意義了.

Proportion, the following discussion has no practical significance

股權結構設計是以股東股權比例為基礎,通過對股東權利,股東會及董事會職權與表決程序等進行一系列調整后的

The equity structure design is based on the proportion of shareholders' equity, through a series of adjustments to the rights of shareholders, the powers and voting procedures of the board of shareholders and the board of directors

股東權利結構體系。

The structure system of shareholders' rights.

二、股權比例與公司管理公司決策

2、 Equity ratio and corporate management decision making

股權是一種基于投資而產生的所有權.公司管理權來源于股權或基于股權的授權.公司決策來源于股權，同時又影響公司管理的方向與規模.有些投資者僅僅是投資而不參與公司管理,有些投資者同時參與公司管理。

Equity is a kind of ownership based on investment. Company management power comes from equity or equity based authorization. Company decision comes from equity, and at the same time affects the direction and scale of company management. Some investors only invest but do not participate in company management, and some investors participate in company management at the same time.

而股東只要有投資,就會產生一定的決策權利,差別在于決策參與程度和影響力.所以,股東的意見能否形成影響公司管理運作的決策意見是非常重要的,而取得決策權的首要基礎是股權比例.取得決策權的股東就是法律上的控股股東.

As long as the shareholders have investment, they will have certain decision-making rights. The difference lies in the degree of participation and influence in decision-making. Therefore, it is very important whether the opinions of shareholders can form the decision-making opinions that affect the management and operation of the company. The first basis for obtaining the decision-making right is the proportion of equity. The shareholders who obtain the decision-making right are the controlling shareholders in law

三、股東權利的弱化或強化

3、 The weakening or strengthening of shareholders' rights

股東權利有自益權和共益權兩方面,前者如盈余分配權、剩余財產分配權、新股優先認購等等,后者如表決權、股東大會召集權、質詢權、提起派生訴訟權權.常規的股權設計遵循的是同等出資同等權利.但遇有隱名股東,干股等情況下。

There are two aspects of shareholders' Rights: self-interest right and common interest right. The former includes earnings distribution right, residual property distribution right, new share preemption right and so on, while the latter includes voting right, shareholders' meeting convening right, inquiry right and derivative litigation right. The conventional equity design follows the same rights of capital contribution, but in the case of dormant shareholders, dry shares and so on.

如果不對股東權利進行弱化或強化,一旦顯明股東、干股持有人依公司法訴求其完整股東權利時,損害的不僅僅是實際投資人的利益。

If we do not weaken or strengthen the rights of shareholders, once it is clear that shareholders and shareholders demand their complete rights according to the company law, it will not only damage the interests of actual investors.

同時也將公司推向危險的境地.實際中,本律師也多有遇見.如有些干股持有人要求解散公司并要求分配剩余資產,有些顯明股東以公司侵犯其股東權利要求法院撤銷工商部門做出的公司變更登記,有些顯明股東要求分配公司紅利,

In fact, I have met many times. For example, some shareholders ask for the dissolution of the company and the distribution of the remaining assets, some obvious shareholders ask the court to cancel the company's change registration made by the industrial and commercial department, some obvious shareholders ask for the distribution of company dividends,