一個相對合理的股權結構，應該遵循一個原則：“451原則”。也就是說，“4”代表4個股東，即公司在創始合伙人的時候不要超過四個股東，這樣的話，就能保證決策權的相對集中，創業公司戰略層面掌握在少數人手上；“5”代表50%以上的股份，也就是說公司的大股東持有公司一半以上的股份；“1”責表示公司只應該有一個核心的“帶頭大哥”，一個核心的大股東。

A relatively reasonable ownership structure should follow one principle: "451 principle". In other words, "4" stands for four shareholders, that is, the company should not have more than four shareholders when it is a founding partner. In this way, the decision-making power can be relatively concentrated, and the strategic level of the start-up company is controlled by a small number of people; "5" stands for more than 50% of the shares, that is, the major shareholder of the company holds more than half of the shares of the company; "1" means that the company should only have one The core "leader" is a core major shareholder.

遵循：“451”原則，創始人一般占有公司50%—60%的股份。剩余的20%—30%，留給一開始全職工作的創業合伙人；愿意出力又愿意投錢的這一部分合伙人。剩余的10—20%，企業可以做一個“期權池”，用于引進新的人才，或者等公司發展壯大后，根據大家的貢獻，去分配“期權池”的股份；跟投資人約定好，“期權池”的部分是不允許被稀釋的。

Following the "451" principle, the founder generally holds 50% - 60% of the shares of the company. The remaining 20% - 30% will be left to the start-up partners who start full-time work and those who are willing to contribute and invest. For the remaining 10-20%, the enterprise can make an "option pool" to introduce new talents, or distribute the shares of the "option pool" according to everyone's contribution after the company develops and grows; it is agreed with the investors that the part of the "option pool" is not allowed to be diluted.

當然，公司發展到不同階段，會有不同的股權設計架構方案。比如：華為今天已經走過了創業期，也走過了發展期，進入到非常穩定的成熟期。這個時候，華為已經把98%的股份分給了員工，大家也都知道，任正非目前只占有公司1.4%的股份。

Of course, when the company develops to different stages, there will be different equity design schemes. For example, Huawei has gone through the start-up period and the development period, and has entered a very stable mature period. At this time, Huawei has allocated 98% of its shares to its employees. As we all know, Ren Zhengfei currently holds only 1.4% of the company's shares.

雖然他占的股份非常少，但是在華為任正非依然說了算。不管是阿里巴巴的馬云，還是騰訊的馬化騰，這些上市公司的老大都只占公司不到10%的股份，且仍牢牢控制著公司。

Although he has a very small share, Ren Zhengfei still has the final say in HUAWEI. Whether it is Alibaba's Jack Ma or Tencent's Ma Huateng, the leaders of these listed companies only account for less than 10% of the company's shares, and still firmly control the company.

未來的企業家，在公司里面所占的股份會越來越少，但是手上的財富會越來越多。更加需要注重的是，在公司規模還比較小的時候，公司或者企業老總現金流不足的時候依舊要分配股權，這時的團隊大家要一起向市場要效益：大家分的是未來的利潤，分的是明天的利潤。所以，任何一家公司，在創業的時候，就要做好股權的規劃和布局！

Future entrepreneurs will have less and less shares in the company, but more and more wealth on hand. What is more important is that when the company is still small, the company or the boss of the enterprise still needs to allocate equity when the cash flow is insufficient. At this time, the team should ask the market for benefits together: what we share is the future profits, and what we share is the tomorrow profits. Therefore, any company, when starting a business, should do a good job in equity planning and layout!